每次都要查,真是蛋疼,不如一次性总结一下,以后再不记得就来这里找好了。
以下代码中需要用到的文件名:filename = ‘testfile.txt’
- 读取其中的全部内容:
File.read(filename) - 将一个字符串一次性写入这个文件:
File.write(filename, str) - 读取文件内容,依次处理其中的每一行:
File.foreach(filename) do |line| #process each line end
- 判断文件是否存在:
File.exists?(filename) - 删除文件:
File.delete(filename) - 文件重命名:
File.rename(filename, new_name) - 文件的名字:
file.path # file是一个File对象 -
文件的绝对路径:
File.absolute_path(filename) -
当前所在目录:
Dir.pwd -
当前登录用户的home目录:
Dir.home -
创建文件夹:
Dir.mkdir(dir_name) #注意,如果父目录不存在的话,这里无法创建子目录 -
删除文件夹:
Dir.rmdir(dir_name) -
创建多级目录(mkdir -p):
FileUtils.mkdir_p(path) #这里需要require fileutils -
找出当前目录下的所有文件或目录:
Dir.glob("*") -
找出当前目录下的所有Ruby文件:
Dir.glob("*.rb") -
判断目录是否存在:
Dir.exists?(dir_name) -
用文件夹和文件组成一个路径:File.join(dir_name, filename)
-
当前文件(正在执行的文件)相对于当前所在目录(pwd目录)的相对路径:
__FILE__ -
当前文件(正在执行的文件)的目录相对于当前所在目录(pwd目录)的相对路径:
File.dirname(__FILE__) -
当前文件(正在执行的文件)的绝对路径:
File.expand_path(__FILE__) -
当前文件(正在执行的文件)所在目录的绝对路径:
File.expand_path(File.dirname(__FILE__))
最后附上File.open(filename, mode) 中的mode各种取值以及含义:
Mode | Meaning
-----+--------------------------------------------------------
"r" | Read-only, starts at beginning of file (default mode).
"r+" | Read-write, starts at beginning of file.
"w" | Write-only, truncates existing file, to zero length or creates a new file for writing.
"w+" | Read-write, truncates existing file to zero lengthor creates a new file for reading and writing.
"a" | Write-only, starts at end of file if file exists, otherwise creates a new file for writing.
"a+" | Read-write, starts at end of file if file exists, otherwise creates a new file for reading and writing.
"b" | Binary file mode (may appear with any of the key letters listed above). Suppresses EOL <-> CRLF conversion on Windows. And sets external encoding to ASCII-8BIT unless explicitly specified.
"t" | Text file mode (may appear with any of the key letters listed above except "b").