把 Postgresql 数据库内容从 10.xxx 升级到 11.2

我 Mac 本地的 psql version 不知道何时何因被升级到了 11.1_1。今天尝试使用的时候,提示:

FATAL: database files are incompatible with server
DETAIL: The data directory was initialized by PostgreSQL version 10.xxx, which is not compatible with this version 11.1_1

Google 了一下,找到这个命令可以用:

brew postgresql-upgrade-database

运行过程中,会先下载老版的 10.xx 版本,然后再执行数据库的升级。到后面出现这个错误:

==> Moving postgresql data from /usr/local/var/postgres to /usr/local/var/postgres.old...
...
Error:.... Permission denied

看错误的提示,应该是/usr/local/var/目录的权限问题。执行

sudo chmod a+w /usr/local/var

然后再执行

brew postgresql-upgrade-database

这次不提示 permission 的问题了,但是出来另外一个问题:

==> Moving postgresql data from /usr/local/var/postgres to /usr/local/var/postgres.old...
Error: Upgrading postgresql data from 10 to 11 failed!
==> Removing empty postgresql initdb database...
==> Moving postgresql data back from /usr/local/var/postgres.old to /usr/local/var/postgres...
==> Successfully started `postgresql` (label: homebrew.mxcl.postgresql)
Error: Failure while executing `/usr/local/Cellar/postgresql/11.2/bin/pg_upgrade -r -b /usr/local/Cellar/postgresql@10/10.6_1/bin -B /usr/local/Cellar/postgresql/11.2/bin -d /usr/local/var/postgres.old -D /usr/local/var/postgres -j 12` exited with 1.

最根源的问题应该出现在最后一行:

Error: Failure while executing /usr/local/Cellar/postgresql/11.2/bin/pg_upgrade -r -b /usr/local/Cellar/postgresql@10/10.6_1/bin -B /usr/local/Cellar/postgresql/11.2/bin -d /usr/local/var/postgres.old -D /usr/local/var/postgres -j 12

可以看到,运行了/usr/local/Cellar/postgresql/11.2/bin/目录下面的pg_upgrade 这个脚本。这就奇怪了,因为我 local 的 psql version 是 11.1_1 啊,会什么会去找 /usr/local/Cellar/postgresql/11.2 这个目录呢?我的猜测是这样的:psql 目前官方最新的发布版本是 11.2,于是执行brew postgresql-upgrade-database的时候,brew(或 psql)的升级脚本默认用户这时候已经安装了最新的 psql 版本(11.2),于是到相应的版本目录(/usr/local/Cellar/postgresql/11.2/bin/)下面去找pg_upgrade这个脚本。而我本地的版本是 11.1_1,于是找不着 11.2 版本的路径,于是出现了上面这个问题。
那么,我把本地的 psql 版本升级到 11.2,总行了吧?执行

brew upgrade postgres

成功升级到 11.2。再一次执行

$ brew postgresql-upgrade-database
==> Upgrading postgresql data from 10 to 11...
Performing Upgrade
...
Upgrade Complete
----------------
...
==> Upgraded postgresql data from 10 to 11!
==> Your postgresql 10 data remains at /usr/local/var/postgres.old
==> Successfully started `postgresql` (label: homebrew.mxcl.postgresql)

这次终于成功了,Yay!

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